39 - Yttrium transition metal
Discovered by Johan Gadolin in 1794
Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 8 | 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p |
| 3 | 18 | 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d |
| 4 | 9 | 2 in 4s + 6 in 4p + 1 in 4d |
| 5 | 2 | 2 in 5s |
88.9 u Atomic Mass
2.3 Å Atomic Radius
3.61k K Boiling Point
1.9 Å Covalent Radius
4.47 g/cm³ Density
29.6 Electron Affinity
1.22 Electronegativity
6.22 eV First Ionization Energy
1.8k K Melting Point
5 Number of Shells
39 Atomic Number
2, 8, 18, 9, 2 Electron Shell Occupations