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14 - Silicon metalloid

Discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1824

Silicon

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery.

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
Shell Electrons Orbitals
1 2 2 in 1s
2 8 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p
3 4 2 in 3s + 2 in 3p
SiliconSi Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 3 Electron 4 Electron 5 Electron 6 Electron 7 Electron 8 Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 3 Electron 4
28.1  u Atomic Mass
1.5  Å Atomic Radius
3.54k  K Boiling Point
1.11  Å Covalent Radius
2.33  g/cm³ Density
134 Electron Affinity
1.9 Electronegativity
8.15  eV First Ionization Energy
1.68k  K Melting Point
3 Number of Shells
4 Electron Valency
14 Atomic Number
2, 8, 4 Electron Shell Occupations
0.705  J/(g K) Specific Heat