6 - Carbon polyatomic nonmetal
Discovered by Ancient Egypt in unknown
Carbon (from Latin:carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 4 | 2 in 2s + 2 in 2p |
12 u Atomic Mass
0.91 Å Atomic Radius
4.3k K Boiling Point
0.76 Å Covalent Radius
1.82 g/cm³ Density
122 Electron Affinity
2.55 Electronegativity
11.3 eV First Ionization Energy
3.95k K Melting Point
2 Number of Shells
4 Electron Valency
6 Atomic Number
2, 4 Electron Shell Occupations
0.709 J/(g K) Specific Heat